共享單車－－是與非

http://www.etnet.com.hk/www/tc/news/categorized_news_detail.php?category=editorchoice&newsid=ETN270303814

03/03/2017 10:00

【滬上漫筆】共享單車，駛向哪裡

《經濟通通訊社駐滬記者王嘉寧３日上海專電》上海市製造局路的停車場仿如共享單車的拘
留所，由於用戶亂停亂放，數千輛各種顏色的共享單車被扣押至此。看著眼前密密麻麻的大陣仗
，筆者心中難以感到壯觀，而是心疼這些單車們，只能忍受風吹日露，卻無法出街履行使命。共
享單車的出現已近一年，資本驅動下的競爭仍舊如火如荼，而引發的問題與挑戰，也難以再被忽
視。

＊上海共享單車已突破２８萬輛＊

　　去年４月摩拜單車登陸上海灘，共享單車開始走入大眾視野。還記得當時必須依照Ａｐｐ中
的ＧＰＳ定位找尋這個新鮮事物，騎行中常常會有路人好奇詢問，騎行後則不忘發個朋友圈分享
體驗，感歎內地創業者的創新步伐。但現如今，路上街邊橙、黃、藍、綠等各種色彩的網絡單車
俯首即是，遇不見倒成為小概率事件。僅在上海，目前就已有１２個無樁共享單車品牌，投放量
已突破２８萬輛。
　　隨著滿大街都是共享單車的身影，亂停亂放對公共空間的擠壓愈發明顯。此外馬路上無視交
規、肆意穿行的單車也與日俱增，令路況更加複雜，不僅可能影響其他車輛出行，也帶來安全風
險。有聲音將共享單車稱為國民質素「照妖鏡」，高估了的國民質素，可能最終成為共享單車運
營失敗的原因。
　
＊不文明停放只怪居民素質太低嗎？＊

　　但將問題簡單歸咎於質素高低似乎有失偏頗，因為共享單車主打的正是隨停隨取，解決以往
公共單車有樁這一痛點，出現隨意停放的情況在設計之初便應是預料之內，而且有時用戶並非無
視停車線，實在是找不到停車線，只好將單車停在看似可用的地方。對於不守交規，本專欄之前
便曾吐槽，有時不是因為沒有守規意識，而是因為單車道規劃太不友好，不得已而為之。
　　嚴格說來，共享單車並非共享經濟，因為不同於優步或是Ａｉｒｂｎｂ，摩拜和ＯＦＯ不是
利用閑置的現有資源，而是生產投放出新資源來滿足需求，意味著原來的道路和停車位的承載負
荷增加。但共享單車與網約車又有相似之處，即力圖用市場力量填補原有秩序的不足，進而倒逼
出公共部門作出改變。一方面上海正在制訂共享單車政策，另一方面近期在上海市區，愈來愈多
新的單車停車線被繪製出來，這可能正是共享單車存續下去的意義之一。面對市場壓力，政府既
需要監管，也應調整之前不合理的規劃、提供更好服務，不僅有利於出行環境改善，種種不文明
行為的土壤也將消減。

＊共享單車市場上半年臨近飽和＊

　　不過倒逼公共部門不意味著單車數量就要急劇增加，如今共享單車猛增可能只是野蠻生長和
圈地運動的體現。有研究指出，上海可容納約６０萬輛共享單車，預計今年上半年數量將達５０
萬輛，市場正趨於飽和。但一片紅海似乎並未阻止新玩家入局的熱情，最近陸家嘴便又出現藍黃
雙色的永安行單車，看來留給共享單車廠家的顏色真不多了，已需改走雙拼路線。
　　阿里旗下螞蟻金服通過投資永安行高調進軍單車戰場，而其他資本也沒有歇息，前一陣摩拜
和ＯＦＯ先後完成Ｄ輪融資，規模分別為２﹒１５億美元和４﹒５億美元。內地仿佛真的是資金
太多、優質資產太少，以致於一個好的概念或產品出來，便一窩蜂湧入，即便共享單車除用戶押
金外，還沒有夯實的盈利模式。

＊燒錢大戰又起，共享單車需理性＊

　　近期ＯＦＯ和摩拜先後推出充值返現活動，大舉融資配合大舉燒錢，景象似乎一下回到兩年
前的網約車補貼大戰。原以為進行產品競爭的共享單車可以摸索出一條新路，結果在資本加持下
還是走向滴滴與快的的老路，共享單車市場出現洗牌兼併已是可見光景。摩拜最初曾被譽為「單
車中的優步」，如今看來，暢想誰會成為「單車中的滴滴」似乎更為現實。
　　然而倘若共享單車未來一家獨大，會不會押金車費劇增、會不會車輛變少？亦讓人心生憂慮
。看著停車場中的數千輛單車，只希望狂熱的燒錢大戰快些結束，共享單車能理性存續下去，只
有這樣才能真正倒逼出慢行環境的改善，以及引導出健康的騎行方式。

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

世間事，其是非黑白，端視其影響為何，亦因不同人的價值觀而異；因此很難有絶對的『對與錯』。

到一些公司的重大決定，或政府的政策，更加是如此；所以理論上永遠會有正反兩面的觀點。

最終達至目的，理論上是人人快樂；但這是無可能的烏托邦。

上世紀戰後的世界，大家在一個擴張中的世界（及市場）中成長，每個人的收入都可以相對增長，環境相對改善，磨擦會較少。

到現在，事實是我們處於一個正在收縮的世界中，因此變成一個零和遊戲－－我想有多一點，就必須從你手中搶過來。爭拗變成必然。

不止香港如此，整個世界也是如此。

明孚此，則無需感嘆不快；就如花始終有天會落，人終有一死。

轉載：建築師規劃師學會守則涉違競爭條例

［大公報］29.11.16

【大公報訊】記者何進昇報道：競爭事務委員會昨日發表新聞公告，指香港建築師學會及香港規劃師學會的專業操守準則仍有部分條文，限制會員獨立定價及爭取客戶的自由，或妨礙同行間的價格競爭，效果與合謀定價類似，呼籲兩學會於明年一月底前，刪除或修訂會引起競爭問題的條文。香港建築師學會表示，學會已完成檢討，並準備積極回應競委會的查詢。香港規劃師學會回應指，本月亦已啟動召開特別會員大會程序，進行有關修訂以符合《競爭條例》。

　　《競爭條例》生效近一年，競委會指，兩家學會的操守準則中，至今仍有部分條文限制其會員獨立定價及爭取客戶的自由，競委會認為這些限制非常有問題。若這些限制妨礙了建築師或規劃師在同行之間的價格競爭，其效果極有可能與合謀定價類似，故接受這些限制將對相關市場上的競爭造成嚴重損害。

　　建築師學會：已完成檢討

　　競委會指，縱使與兩家學會持續接觸超過一年，兩家學會至今仍未刪除或修訂其操守準則中有問題的條文，倘若這兩家獲豁免的法定團體在明年一月底前，仍未採取實質行動糾正，將會把有關事宜轉介競爭政策諮詢委員會。

　　建築師學會表示，在《競爭條例》生效後，於今年九月及11月底曾接獲競爭事務委員會的兩封來函，指出有關條文可能造成的風險，學會已完成檢討，並準備積極回應競爭事務委員會的查詢。

　　建築師學會副會長岑延威表示，競委會以新聞公告形式發表有關事件，對此感到錯愕，強調學會極力支持《競爭條例》，絕不容許合謀定價。他稱，學會在去年12月《競爭條例》實施前，曾發出19次會員通訊，提醒會員《競爭條例》即將生效，並於今年初邀請競委會舉辦講座，向會員解釋條例情況。他續指，條例生效後，有關工程參考只作參考之用，會按競委會指引，刪除有關參考費用，並修改有問題條文。

　　規劃師學會：同意跟進修訂

　　規劃師學會回應指，去年10月收到競委會通知，今年三月用電郵通知會員，於六月在周年大會上討論並同意跟進修訂或刪除相關條款，並將此決定於6月25日通知競委會，本月亦已啟動召開特別會員大會程序，進行有關修訂以符合《競爭條例》。

　　競委會指出，雖然兩家學會現時獲豁免不受《條例》規限，但其會員若被視為《條例》下所界定的業務實體時，則不會享有該等豁免。當競委會有合理懷疑有業務實體進行反競爭行為，例如跟從操守準則中設立的價格限制，競委會將根據《條例》考慮採取適當的執法行動。

***

Back in the days when I was a student, lecturer explained that the code of conduct was intended to encourage architects to complete by "Quality" instead of "Price", so as to improve the quality of architecture.

When talking to my friends, I always compare professionals to barbers - They listed out the price for their "product/service", but unlike a mobile/TV/watches... you won't be able to examine the quality of the "product" until the barber/professional completed their job.

That's why it's a struggle for the design firms to provide better service in HK..

Conversation series: How do you get to the lake?

A: people always walk on the grass! They are killing the grass in the middle!  They should be punished!

B: But that's the closest path to the lake.... so it's natural for people to walk that way.

A: Since the road is already built like this, people should follow it!... it must have been designed base on some reason... probably to make the park look nicer.

B: But the function of the park is for people to enjoy the lake! convenience should override aesthetics.

A: a rule is a rule, if people started discarding a rule, they will do all sorts of other things like throwing garbage into the lake... like you said, it's more convenient for them to do that then finding a rubbish bin.

***
B: let's walk back, I need to use the toilet.

A: come on, the toilet is so far away... just go into the bushes and get it done with ...

The third way - for public works

轉載自立場新聞：

摩士公園輪椅斜道設計惹質疑

2016/11/23 — 19:32

近年有不少社區設施在實用方面都備受質疑，鰂魚涌的巨墩「不能避雨亭」是經典一例。近日，網民質疑黃大仙摩士公園四號公園內，一個健身設施旁的小斜道是否實用，因場地只是比地面高出少許，大批網民質疑小斜道的用處。不過，據為殘疾人士爭取無障礙設施團體資料顯示，有輪椅使用者早於2012年投訴，無法進入該高出地面一級的場地，小斜道因而建成予行動不便者使用。

日前，香港動畫導演袁建滔於Facebook上載一張指稱是在黃大仙摩士公園四號公園、在健身設施旁斜道的相片，顯示斜道連接健身設施的公園，但場地只是比地面高出些少，但斜道並非直線的上斜通道，而是「L」形，斜道短但已要轉彎上斜。有網民批評「低能」、「真係超智能」和「又呃左富（庫）房幾錢」，批評小斜道是「多餘」。

不過，根據為殘疾人士爭取無障礙設施「堅毅忍者。障殘人士國際互助協會」的網頁資料顯示，於2012年6月，有輪椅使用者投訴東頭邨摩士公園4號內，有一個專爲輪椅人士設置的健身設施，場地高出地面一級，輪椅人士無法進入場地。該會去信康文署，要求儘快增建輪椅通道，適逢建築署正在改善該公園的無障礙設施，短期內場地即新建一條標準斜道予行動不便者使用，並於當年約8月時完工開放使用。












***
The argument above simply turns into an "YES and No" discussion:-
"Whether we should spend money to cater for disabled person to move freely to everywhere?" - and the argument can go on forever.

HOWEVER, what people don't realize is that, for a lot of other places, people are promoting "Universal Design" - i.e. design to cater for normal , elderly and disabled people.  For the above case, a very gentle slope around the whole facility can resolve the issue.

***
It's time we ditch the "YES and No" thinking and think outside of the box.

Certainty vs Flexibility

Visited Macau recently, the following scenes form the future Light Rail station caught my attention:-

 

Hoarding and the adjacent protections are poor.  People are likely to get hurt if there are any accident of falling objects... which happens a lot on construction sites.

Hawker in the van is selling drinks and snacks to a lot of the construction workers... business was good!

****
Back in HK, people complain about the escalating construction cost for infrastructures, yet a lot of those cost was used to ensure "zero accident".  For example, just compare the flimsy hoarding above with the hoardings required by the HK Government (a covered hoarding with concrete footings and a lot of steel supports), and you will know where the money went.

Similar for the hawker above... when people complain about the rising food prices in HK, they tend to forget the licensing requirements, hygiene control requirements, etc. in HK to ensure that the food is safe.

****
HK craves for CERTAINTY (e.g. near zero accident, you expect the food you eat in a restaurant is safe, etc.), yet there is a huge cost behind.   Most of the other places in the world works based on FLEXIBILITY which allows for a more vital environment, but people face greater chances of accident (e.g. food from illegal hawker is cheaper but you get food poisoning once in a thousand times.)

Which side do we want? Is there a third way to achieve both?

Conversation series: Changing jobs

A: People who change job frequently are bad people... they have no loyalty to the company!

B: How can you say that! People work to get paid, and it is the right move to change your job when another companies offers you a higher salary.

A: But no company will have any future if everybody keeps changing job! And when companies fail due to the lack of loyal staffs, people will be sorry because they will be out of work.

B: Come on, companies won't fail just because people jump from one company to another... And if they do, then these companies shouldn't exist in the first place.

A: You are ruining the office morale! If everybody thinks like this, no office will be able to prosper and eventually will not be able to offer attractive salary... so you will suffer at the end.

B: What a load of crab! The world works like this since the industrial era.  The world prosper exactly because people with higher ability can go work for the most competitive office, whom can offer the best salaries!

A: Look at all the big companies, people who stays makes a big fortune in the end! which proves your theory wrong!

***

B: So, how's work today?

A: I don't care, I just submitted my resignation and I will be working for our rival company starting next month.  The beers on me tonight!

Inconvenient truth

Having kids, having cancer, miscarriage, etc.

If you did not go through them personally, it's very difficult to say that you "understands".

So any discussion (or argument) between people who have kids and people who do not have kids are always... lost in translation.

Tactile Path

Just how many visually impaired people do use the tactile guide path?  According to my last visit to "Dialogue in the dark", the answer is "Not that many".

There is a conspiracy theory behind: the tactile manufacturers provide funding to the visually impaired groups, and these groups in return give pressure to the Government to have the tactile guide path everywhere... heard the latest intention is to have them all over the bridges and subways... guess the next next step is to extend it to all the pavements?!?!?!

With the advancement in technology, it's probably cheaper to scrap all the tactile paths and use the money to buy an electronic guidance device to every one of the visually impaired person.  BUT, I can't see it ever happening.